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Attendees discussing topics in the Publications Lounge

Shock
Library

We've meticulously gathered a comprehensive collection of publications, articles, and resources that delve into the topics discussed and explored at our esteemed symposium. Whether you're a medical professional seeking to stay abreast of the latest advancements in shock care or an enthusiast eager to dive into the depths of this critical field, our Shock Library is your go-to resource. Explore, learn, and immerse yourself in the cutting-edge discussions that are shaping the landscape of shock management.

Never Miss a Moment

Journey into the past: Revisit previous symposiums' rich discussions and sessions. Dive into a treasure trove of archived content, where we bring you the invaluable discussions and enlightening educational sessions from our past symposiums. Uncover a wealth of insights, learnings, and transformative ideas that continue to shape the landscape of medical innovation.

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Second Annual Houston Shock Symposium

Educational Sessions and Discussions

March 1-3, 2019

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Third Annual Houston Shock Symposium

Educational Sessions and Discussions

March 6-8, 2020

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Fourth Annual Houston Shock Symposium

Educational Sessions and Discussions

March 4-6, 2022

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Fifth Annual Houston Shock Symposium

Educational Sessions and Discussions

April 14-16, 2023

View Recordings

Suggested Reading Material

  1. Narang N, Blumer V, Jumean MF, Kar B, Kumbhani DJ, Bozkurt B, Uriel N, Guglin M, Kapur NK. Management of Heart Failure-Related Cardiogenic Shock: Practical Guidance for Clinicians. JACC Heart Fail. 2023 May 4:S2213-1779(23)00196-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.04.010. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37204365.

  2. Nikhik Narang, Vanessa Blumer, et al. Management of Heart Failure-Related Cardiogenic Shock: Practical Guidance for Clinicians. JACC 2023

  3. Jumean, Marwan F.; Nathan, Sriram; Gregoric, Igor D.; and Kar, Biswajit (2022) “Houston SHOCK: A Practical Scoring System Incorporating Cardiogenic Shock Dynamic Changes,” Journal of Shock and Hemodynamics: Vol. 1(1) :e2022112

  4. Ceglarek U, Schellong P, Rosolowski M, Scholz M, Willenberg A, Kratzsch J, Zeymer U, Fuernau G, de Waha-Thiele S, Bu¨ttner P, Jobs A, Freund A, Desch S, Feistritzer H-J, Isermann B, Thiery J, Po¨ss J, Thiele H. The novel cystatin C, lactate, interleukin-6, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (CLIP)-based mortality risk score in cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2021;42:2344–2352.

  5. Elric Zweck, Katherine L Thayer, Ole K L Helgestad, Manreet Kanwar, Mohyee Ayouty, A Reshad Garan, Jaime Hernandez-Montfort, Claudius Mahr, Detlef Wencker, et al. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021 Jul 20;10(14):e020085

  6. Henry TD, Tomey MI, Tamis-Holland JE, et al; American Heart Association Interventional Cardiovascular Care Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing. Invasive management of acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;143(15):e815-e829

  7. Marc Samsky, David Morrow, Alastair Proudfoot, et al. Cardiogenic Shock After Myocardial Infarction. JAMA 2021

  8. McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Bo¨ hm M, Burri H, Butler J, Celutkien e J, Chioncel O, Cleland JGF, Coats AJS, Crespo-Leiro _ MG, Farmakis D, Gilard M, Heymans S, Hoes AW, Jaarsma T, Jankowska EA, Lainscak M, Lam CSP, Lyon AR, McMurray JJV, Mebazaa A, Mindham R, Muneretto C, Francesco Piepoli M, Price S, Rosano GMC, Ruschitzka F, Kathrine Skibelund A; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European Heart Journal 2021;42:3599–3726.

  9. Park IH, Yang JH, Jang WJ, Chun WJ, Oh JH, Park YH, Ko Y-G, Yu CW, Kim BS, Kim H-J, Lee HJ, Jeong J-O, Gwon H-C. Clinical significance of lactate clearance in patients with cardiogenic shock: results from the RESCUE registry. J Intensive Care 2021;9:63.

  10. Zekun Feng, Gregg Fonarow, Boback Ziaeian. Palliative Care Services in Patients Admitted With Cardiogenic Shock in the United States: Frequency and Predictors of 30-Day Readmission. J Card Fail. 2021 May; 27(5)560-567

  11. Amin, A.P., et al., The Evolving Landscape of Impella Use in the United States Among Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Mechanical Circulatory Support. Circulation, 2020. 141(4): p. 273-284.

  12. Collet J-P, Thiele H, Barbato E, et al. 2020 ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: the task force for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J. 2020;42(14):1289-1367.

  13. Elbadawi, A., et al., Hospital Volume and In-hospital Outcomes with Impella Guided Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: Insights from a National Database. Am J Cardiol, 2020. 125(11): p. 1753-1754.

  14. Fuernau G, Desch S, de Waha-Thiele S, Eitel I, Neumann F-J, Hennersdorf M, Felix SB, Fach A, Bo¨hm M, Po¨ss J, Jung C, Ouarrak T, Schneider S, Werdan K, Zeymer U, Thiele H. Arterial lactate in cardiogenic shock: prognostic value of clearance versus single values. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2020;13:2208–2216.

  15. Guedeney, P., et al., Radial versus femoral artery access for percutaneous coronary artery intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction and multivessel disease complicated by cardiogenic shock: Subanalysis from the CULPRIT-SHOCK trial. Am Heart J, 2020. 225: p. 60-68.

  16. Jacob Jentzer, David Baran et al. Admission Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention shock stage stratifies post-discharge mortality risk in cardiac intensive care unit patients. Am Heart J. 2020 Jan; 219:37-46

  17. Josiassen, J., et al., Prognostic importance of culprit lesion location in cardiogenic shock due to myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care, 2020

  18. Smilowitz, N.R., et al., Coronary artery bypass grafting versus percutaneous coronary intervention for myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. Am Heart J, 2020.

  19. Smilowitz, N.R., et al., Coronary revascularization and circulatory support strategies in patients with myocardial infarction, multi-vessel coronary artery disease, and cardiogenic shock: Insights from an international survey. Am Heart J, 2020. 225: p. 55-59.

  20. Zeymer U, Bueno H, Granger CB, Hochman J, Huber K, Lettino M, Price S, Schiele F, Tubaro M, Vranckx P, Zahger D, Thiele H. Acute Cardiovascular Care Association position statement for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: a document of the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2020;9:183–197.

  21. Baran, D.A., et al., SCAI clinical expert consensus statement on the classification of cardiogenic shock: This document was endorsed by the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American Heart Association (AHA), the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) in April 2019. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv, 2019.

  22. Bernhardt, A.M., et al., A newly developed transaortic axial flow ventricular assist device: Early clinical experience. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2019. 38(4): p. 466-467.

  23. Dalal, P.K., et al., Hemodynamic Support Using Percutaneous Transfemoral Impella 5.0 and Impella RP for Refractory Cardiogenic Shock. Case Rep Cardiol, 2019. 2019: p. 4591250.

  24. Elbadawi, A., et al., Temporal Trends and Outcomes of Mechanical Complications in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2019. 12(18): p. 1825-1836.

  25. Fuernau G. Lactate and other biomarkers as treatment target in cardiogenic shock. Curr Opin Crit Care 2019;25:403–409.

  26. Fuernau, G., et al., Mild Hypothermia in Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Myocardial Infarction. Circulation, 2019. 139(4): p. 448-457.

  27. Jentzer, J.C., et al., Cardiogenic Shock Classification to Predict Mortality in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2019. 74(17): p. 2117-2128.

  28. Masha, L., et al., Yellow Means Caution: Correlations Between Liver Injury and Mortality with the Use of VA-ECMO. ASAIO J, 2019. 65(8): p. 812-818.

  29. Mehta, S.R., et al., Complete Revascularization with Multivessel PCI for Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med, 2019. 381(15): p. 1411-1421.

  30. Schmack, B., et al., Results of concomitant groin-free percutaneous temporary RVAD support using a centrifugal pump with a double-lumen jugular venous cannula in LVAD patients. J Thoracic Dis, 2019. 11(Suppl 6): p. S913-S920.

  31. Thiele H, Ohman EM, de Waha-Thiele S, Zeymer U, Desch S. Management of cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction: an update 2019. Eur Heart J. 2019;40:2671–2683. DOI: 10.1093/eurhe artj/ehz363.

  32. Abdin A, Po¨ss J, Fuernau G, Ouarrak T, Desch S, Eitel I, de Waha S, Zeymer U, Bo¨hm M, Thiele H. Prognostic impact of baseline glucose levels in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock-a substudy of the IABP-SHOCK II-trial [corrected]. Clin Res Cardiol 2018;107:517–523.

  33. Backhaus, T., et al., Management and predictors of outcome in unselected patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: results from the Bremen STEMI Registry. Clin Res Cardiol, 2018. 107(5): p. 371-379.

  34. Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, et al; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2017 ESC guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: the task force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(2):119-177

  35. Levy, B., et al., Epinephrine Versus Norepinephrine for Cardiogenic Shock After Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2018. 72(2): p. 173-182.

  36. Lim, H.S. and N. Howell, Cardiogenic Shock Due to End-Stage Heart Failure and Acute Myocardial Infarction: Characteristics and Outcome of Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support. Shock, 2018. 50(2): p. 167-172.

  37. Mahmoud, A.N., et al., Prevalence, Causes, and Predictors of 30-Day Readmissions Following Hospitalization With Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated By Cardiogenic Shock: Findings From the 2013-2014 National Readmissions Database. J Am Heart Assoc, 2018. 7(6).

  38. Rathod, K.S., et al., Contemporary trends in cardiogenic shock: Incidence, intra-aortic balloon pump utilisation and outcomes from the London Heart Attack Group. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care, 2018. 7(1): p. 16-27.

  39. Scholz, K.H., et al., Impact of treatment delay on mortality in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients presenting with and without haemodynamic instability: results from the German prospective, multicentre FITT-STEMI trial. Eur Heart J, 2018. 39(13): p. 1065-1074.

  40. Shah, M., et al., Trends in mechanical circulatory support use and hospital mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction and non-infarction related cardiogenic shock in the United States. Clin Res Cardiol, 2018. 107(4): p. 287-303.

  41. Thiele, H., et al., Intraaortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction: Long-Term 6-Year Outcome of the Randomized IABP-SHOCK II Trial. Circulation, 2018.

  42. Thiele, H., et al., One-Year Outcomes after PCI Strategies in Cardiogenic Shock. N Engl J Med, 2018. 379(18): p. 1699-1710.

  43. Jantti, T., et al., Frequency and Prognostic Significance of Abnormal Liver Function Tests in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock. Am J Cardiol, 2017. 120(7): p. 1090-1097.

  44. Jneid, H., et al., 2017 AHA/ACC Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Adults With ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 2017. 10(10).

  45. Ledwoch, J., et al., Drug-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents in acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock. Heart, 2017. 103(15): p. 1177-1184.

  46. Meani, P., et al., Modalities and Effects of Left Ventricle Unloading on Extracorporeal Life support: a Review of the Current Literature. Eur J Heart Fail, 2017. 19 Suppl 2: p. 84-91.

  47. Nakamura, K., et al., First-in-Man Percutaneous Transaxillary Artery Placement and Removal of the Impella 5.0 Mechanical Circulatory Support Device. J Invasive Cardiol, 2017. 29(5): p. E53-E59.

  48. Ouweneel, D.M., et al., [Support of damaged heart with the Impella pump]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 2017. 161: p. D1085.

  49. Rossello, X., et al., Impact of Pulmonary Artery Catheter Use on Short- and Long-Term Mortality in Patients with Cardiogenic Shock. Cardiology, 2017. 136(1): p. 61-69.

  50. Slottosch I, Liakopoulos O, Kuhn E, Scherner M, Deppe A-C, Sabashnikov A, Mader N, Choi Y-H, Wippermann J, Wahlers T. Lactate and lactate clearance as valuable tool to evaluate ECMO therapy in cardiogenic shock. J Crit Care 2017; 42:35–41.

  51. Thiele H, Akin I, Sandri M, et al; CULPRIT-SHOCK Investigators. PCI strategies in patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(25):2419-2432.

  52. Thiele, H., et al., PCI Strategies in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock. N Engl J Med, 2017. 377(25): p. 2419-2432.

  53. Thiele, H., et al., PCI Strategies in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock. N Engl J Med, 2017. 377(25): p. 2419-2432.

  54. Thiele, H., et al., Percutaneous short-term active mechanical support devices in cardiogenic shock: a systematic review and collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur Heart J, 2017. 38(47): p. 3523-3531.

  55. van Diepen, S., et al., Contemporary Management of Cardiogenic Shock: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation, 2017. 136(16): p. e232-e268.

  56. Fuernau, G., et al., Culprit lesion location and outcome in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction: a substudy of the IABP-SHOCK II-trial. Clin Res Cardiol, 2016. 105(12): p. 1030-1041.

  57. Levine GN, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, et al. 2015 ACC/AHA/SCAI focused update on primary percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: an update of the 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI guideline for percutaneous coronary intervention and the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-Elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. Circulation. 2016; 133(11):1135-1147

  58. Ouweneel, D.M., et al., Extracorporeal life support during cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med, 2016. 42(12): p. 1922-1934.

  59. Ponikowski, P., et al., 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J, 2016. 37(27): p. 2129-2200.

  60. Wayangankar, S.A., et al., Temporal Trends and Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions for Cardiogenic Shock in the Setting of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Report From the CathPCI Registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2016. 9(4): p. 341-351.

  61. Anderson, M.B., et al., Benefits of a novel percutaneous ventricular assist device for right heart failure: The prospective RECOVER RIGHT study of the Impella RP device. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2015. 34(12): p. 1549-60.

  62. Jaguszewski, M., et al., Drug-eluting stents vs. bare metal stents in patients with cardiogenic shock: a comparison by propensity score analysis. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown), 2015. 16(3): p. 220-9.

  63. Justin Grodin, Wilfried Mullens, et al. Prognostic role of cardiac power index in ambulatory patients with advanced heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2015 Jul; 17(7):689-96

  64. Pancholy, S.B., et al., Impact of access site choice on outcomes of patients with cardiogenic shock undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am Heart J, 2015. 170(2): p. 353-61.

  65. Rungatscher A, Tessari M, Stranieri C, Solani E, Linardi D, Milani E, Montresor A, Merigo F, Salvetti B, Menon T, et al. Oxygenator is the main responsible for leukocyte activation in experimental model of extracorporeal circulation: a cautionary tale. Mediators Inflamm. 2015;2015:484979.

  66. Shah, S.J., et al., Phenomapping for novel classification of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Circulation, 2015. 131(3): p. 269-79.

  67. Thiele, H., et al., Management of cardiogenic shock. Eur Heart J, 2015. 36(20): p. 1223-30.

  68. Wang S, Krawiec C, Patel S, Kunselman AR, Song J, Lei F, Baer LD, Undar A. Laboratory evaluation of hemolysis and systemic inflammatory response in neonatal nonpulsatile and pulsatile extracorporeal life support systems. Artif Organs. 2015;39(9):774–81.

  69. Adib-Conquy M, Cavaillon JM. Compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome. Thromb Haemost. 2009;101(1):36–47. 30. Shi J, Chen Q, Yu W, Shen J, Gong J, He C, Hu Y, Zhang J, Gao T, Xi F, et al. Continuous renal replacement therapy reduces the systemic and pulmonary inflammation induced by venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a porcine model. Artif Organs. 2014;38(3):215–23.

  70. Gregoric, I.D., et al., Perioperative use of TandemHeart percutaneous ventricular assist device in surgical repair of postinfarction ventricular septal defect. ASAIO J, 2014. 60(5): p. 529-32.

  71. He C, Yang S, Yu W, Chen Q, Shen J, Hu Y, Shi J, Wu X, Li J, Li N. Effects of continuous renal replacement therapy on intestinal mucosal barrier function during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a porcine model. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2014;9:72.

  72. Rogers, P.A., et al., Revascularization improves mortality in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. Int J Cardiol, 2014. 172(1): p. 239-41.

  73. Stretch, R., et al., National trends in the utilization of short-term mechanical circulatory support: incidence, outcomes, and cost analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2014. 64(14): p. 1407-15.

  74. Chen Q, Yu W, Shi J, Shen J, Hu Y, Gao T, Zhang J, Xi F, Gong J, Li J, et al. The effect of venovenous extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy on immune inflammatory response of cerebral tissues in porcine model. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2013;8:186.

  75. Deane AM, Horowitz M. Dysglycaemia in the critically ill—significance and management. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013;15:792–801.

  76. Lauten, A., et al., Percutaneous left-ventricular support with the Impella-2.5-assist device in acute cardiogenic shock: results of the Impella-EUROSHOCK-registry. Circ Heart Fail, 2013. 6(1): p. 23-30.

  77. Majithia, A., et al., The Hemodynamic Effects of the MEGA Intra-Aortic Balloon Counterpulsation Pump. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, 2013. 32(4): p. S226.

  78. Perera, D., et al., Long-term mortality data from the balloon pump-assisted coronary intervention study (BCIS-1): a randomized, controlled trial of elective balloon counterpulsation during high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation, 2013. 127(2): p. 207-12.

  79. Shen J, Yu W, Chen Q, Shi J, Hu Y, Zhang J, Gao T, Xi F, He C, Gong J, et al. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) attenuates myocardial inflammation and mitochondrial injury induced by venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) in a healthy piglet model. Inflammation. 2013;36(5):1186–93.

  80. Shen J, Yu W, Shi J, Chen Q, Hu Y, Zhang J, Gao T, Xi F, Gong J, He C, et al. Effect of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on the heart in a healthy piglet model. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2013;8:163.

  81. Yimin H, Wenkui Y, Jialiang S, Qiyi C, Juanhong S, Zhiliang L, Changsheng H, Ning L, Jieshou L. Effects of continuous renal replacement therapy on renal inflammatory cytokines during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a porcine model. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2013;8:113.

  82. Aissaoui, N., et al., Improved outcome of cardiogenic shock at the acute stage of myocardial infarction: a report from the USIK 1995, USIC 2000, and FAST-MI French nationwide registries. Eur Heart J, 2012. 33(20): p. 2535-43.

  83. Thiele, H., et al., Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: design and rationale of the Intraaortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock II (IABP-SHOCK II) trial. Am Heart J, 2012. 163(6): p. 938-45.

  84. Thiele, H., et al., Intraaortic balloon support for myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med, 2012. 367(14): p. 1287-96.

  85. Thiele, H., et al., Intraaortic balloon support for myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med, 2012. 367(14): p. 1287-96.

  86. Wang, Y., et al., Decision tree for adjuvant right ventricular support in patients receiving a left ventricular assist device. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2012. 31(2): p. 140-9.

  87. Jeger RV, Urban P, Harkness SM, Tseng CH, Stauffer JC, Lejemtel TH, Sleeper LA, Pfisterer ME, Hochman JS. Early revascularization is beneficial across all ages and a wide spectrum of cardiogenic shock severity: a pooled analysis of trials. Acute Card Care. 2011;13:14–20.

  88. Kar, B., et al., The percutaneous ventricular assist device in severe refractory cardiogenic shock. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2011. 57(6): p. 688-96.

  89. Patel, M.R., et al., Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation and infarct size in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction without shock: the CRISP AMI randomized trial. JAMA, 2011. 306(12): p. 1329-37.

  90. Tousek, P., et al., Routine upfront abciximab versus standard periprocedural therapy in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for cardiogenic shock: The PRAGUE-7 Study. An open randomized multicentre study. Acute Card Care, 2011. 13(3): p. 116-22.

  91. De Backer, D., et al., Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock. N Engl J Med, 2010. 362(9): p. 779-89.

  92. den Uil CA, Lagrand WK, van der Ent M, Jewbali LS, Cheng JM, Spronk PE, Simoons ML. Impaired microcirculation predicts poor outcome of patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. Eur Heart J. 2010;31:3032–3039. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ ehq324.

  93. Elsharkawy HA, Li L, Esa WA, Sessler DI, Bashour CA. Outcome in patients who require venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support after cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2010;24:946– 951.

  94. Ezekowitz JA, Armstrong PW, Granger CB, et al. Predicting chronic left ventricular dysfunction 90 days after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: An Assessment of Pexelizumab in Acute Myocardial Infarction (APEX-AMI) Substudy. Am Heart J 2010;160(2):272–8. 6.

  95. McILwain RB, Timpa JG, Kurundkar AR, Holt DW, Kelly DR, Hartman YE, Neel ML, Karnatak RK, Schelonka RL, Anantharamaiah GM, et al. Plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines rise rapidly during ECMO-related SIRS due to the release of preformed stores in the intestine. Lab Invest. 2010;90(1):128–39.

  96. Roland Prondzinsky, Henning Lemm, et al. Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: the prospective, randomized IABP SHOCK Trial for attenuation of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. Crit Care Med 2010 Jan;38(1):152-60

  97. Cheng JM, den Uil CA, Hoeks SE, van der Ent M, Jewbali LS, van Domburg RT, Serruys PW. Percutaneous left ventricular assist devices vs. intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation for treatment of cardiogenic shock: a meta-analysis of controlled trials. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:2102–2108.

  98. Ezekowitz JA, Kaul P, Bakal JA, et al. Declining inhospital mortality and increasing heart failure incidence in elderly patients with first myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53(1):13–20.

  99. Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, et al. 2009 focused update incorporated into the ACC/ AHA 2005 guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Circulation 2009;119(14): e391–479.

  100. Jeger, R.V., et al., Ten-year trends in the incidence and treatment of cardiogenic shock. Ann Intern Med, 2008. 149(9): p. 618-26.

  101. Ndrepepa G, Berger PB, Mehilli J, Seyfarth M, Neumann FJ, Schömig A, Kastrati A. Periprocedural bleeding and 1-year outcome after percutaneous coronary interventions: appropriateness of including bleeding as a component of a quadruple end point. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:690– 697. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.10.040.

  102. Raban V. Jeger, M.D.R., MD, MSc; Patrick R. Hunziker, MD; Matthias E. Pfisterer, MD; Jean-Christophe Stauffer, MD; Paul Erne, MD; Philip Urban, MD; for the AMIS Plus Registry Investigators. Ten-Year Trends in the Incidence and Treatment, 2008.

  103. Seyfarth, M., et al., A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a percutaneous left ventricular assist device versus intra-aortic balloon pumping for treatment of cardiogenic shock caused by myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2008. 52(19): p. 1584-8.

  104. Sjauw, K.D., et al., Left ventricular unloading in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients is safe and feasible and provides acute and sustained left ventricular recovery. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2008. 51(10): p. 1044-6.

  105. Investigators, T., et al., Effect of tilarginine acetate in patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock: the TRIUMPH randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 2007. 297(15): p. 1657-66.

  106. Burkhoff, D., et al., A randomized multicenter clinical study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the TandemHeart percutaneous ventricular assist device versus conventional therapy with intraaortic balloon pumping for treatment of cardiogenic shock. Am Heart J, 2006. 152(3)

  107. Eikelboom JW, Mehta SR, Anand SS, Xie C, Fox KA, Yusuf S. Adverse impact of bleeding on prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 2006;114:774–782. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA. 106.612812.

  108. Farkouh ME, Ramanathan K, Aymong ED, Webb JG, Harkness SM, Sleeper LA, Hochman JS. An early revascularization strategy is associated with a survival benefit for diabetic patients in cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction. Clin Cardiol. 2006;29:204–210.

  109. Henriques, J.P., et al., Safety and feasibility of elective high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention procedures with left ventricular support of the Impella Recover LP 2.5. Am J Cardiol, 2006. 97(7): p. 990-2.

  110. Hochman, J.S., et al., Early revascularization and long-term survival in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. JAMA, 2006. 295(21): p. 2511-5.

  111. Binanay, C., et al., Evaluation study of congestive heart failure and pulmonary artery catheterization effectiveness: the ESCAPE trial. JAMA, 2005. 294(13): p. 1625-33.

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